mysql 的热备
http://www.178linux.com/10139http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-04/99671.htmhttp://634871.blog.51cto.com/624871/1351049http://www.cnblogs.com/galengao/p/5755835.htmlhttp://heylinux.com/archives/3777.html
遇到问题，解决链接
http://blog.csdn.net/sqlserverdiscovery/article/details/52856949
这里我们使用XtraBackup来实现MySQL的热备XtraBackup取代innodbbackup的工具并且XtraBackup能够完全兼容innodb存储引擎，并对innodb存储引擎实现完全的物理层的热备。但是缺憾就是对MyISAM表格只能做温备，而且不支持增量备份XtraBackup更多高级特性通常只能在innodb存储引擎上实现，而且高级特性还都依赖于mysql数据库对innodb引擎实现了单独表空间，否则没办法实现单表或单库导出所以这里我们先检查一下MySQL中的表是不是使用了每个表都单独的使用表空间，如果不是的话，将其修改成每表单独表空间mysql> show global variables like '%innodb_file_p%';+-----------------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+-----------------------+-------+| innodb_file_per_table | ON |+-----------------------+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)如果这里是ＯＦＦ的话，我们就要开启这个功能将来一旦要用到xtrabackup或各种高级功能的话建议刚安装mysql的时候直接将默认配置去写进配置文件，中途再更改的话会非常麻烦加入说我们现在是ＯＦＦ状态的话，我们需要先停数据库然后使用mysqldump 全备份mysqldump -uroot --lock-all-tables --all-databases --master-data=2 --events> /bak/all.sql编辑配置文件加入以下参数vim /etc/my.cnf添加如下innodb_file_per_table= 1而后删除数据文件并重新初始化[root@test2 data]#pwd/mydata/data[root@test2 data]# rm -fr *重新初始化：[root@test mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql--datadir=/mydata/data/ --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/重启数据库/etc/init.d/mysqld startmysql> showglobal variables like '%innodb_file_per%';然后就是恢复数据了mysql> source /bak/all.sql
现在，绝大多数使用MySQL的场景中，都用到了Master-Slave这样的架构。相对于mysqldump而言，使用innobackupex备份有以下好处：
1. 以数据文件为备份对象，文件级别备份，速度快，尤其适合需要对所有数据进行备份的场景；2. 热备份，不会对现有的数据库访问造成影响；3. 记录binlog以及replication相关信息，在创建和恢复Slave时非常有用；4. 支持对备份后的数据进行同步并行压缩，有效节省磁盘空间；目前，在我们的线上环境中，数据库的大小，在没有压缩之前为500G左右，压缩之后的大小为90G左右。而在风哥的环境中，数据库的大小已经超过了1T，以下是风哥的几点补充：1.用innobackupex可以做到不停业务在线备份，前提是对innodb引擎，对myisam也会锁表；2.在备份过程会导致IO很高，建议在一台slave上做备份（一般用一台slave只做备份用），不建议在主上备份；3.innobackupex可以用增量与全量备份方式配合；现在来说一下全备份
# 指定备份某一数据库[root@client103 ~]#innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/usr/local/mysql56/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/ > /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/innoback.log 2>&1# 备份所有的数据库[root@client103 backup]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/usr/local/mysql56/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/ > /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/innoback.log 2>&1# 注：还原时，需要清空数据目录，所以建议备份的话，执行全库备份# 备份完成后，应用日志，是备份的数据保持一致[ /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/为备份存放的位置]innobackupex --apply-log --defaults-file=/data/usr/local/mysql56/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-15_13-58-26# 利用刚才的备份进行数据库还原这里我们模仿数据丢失，然后我们关闭数据库，执行恢复操作truncate table user_admin;service mysql_3306 stopcd /data/dbdata/3306mv data data_bakmkdir datainnobackupex --copy-back --defaults-file=/data/usr/local/mysql56/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/我在做copy-back这一步总是报错，报错内容为：Original data directory '.' is not empty 网上查找资料说要指定数据文件的目录,所以这里我添加一个--datadir，指定一下路径innobackupex --copy-back --defaults-file=/data/usr/local/mysql56/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --datadir=/data/dbdata/3306/data /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-15_14-55-03/chown mysql.mysql data -R/etc/init.d/mysql start我们再来看看数据都恢复了
但是要是在生产环境下的话，建议使用在从库上进行备份。但是我们还要注意主库上的二进制日志（可以给这个也做一下切割备份）
现在我来做一下主从，首先我来在从库上装一下MySQL
主从的安装文章参考：
现在我们来在从库上操作一下备份
创建全备和增备的目录[root@bao-work-2 ~]# mkdir -p /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/{full,incre}现在分为常规的备份方式和压缩的备份方式常规的备份方式为：innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --slave-info --safe-slave-backup /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/ > /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/full.log 2>&1innobackupex --apply-log --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --datadir=/data/dbdata/3306/data /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_14-49-26/etc/init.d/mysql stop (要是不先执行这一步的话，等会再重启的时候会报错，关mysql都关不掉)mv data data_bakmkdir datainnobackupex --copy-back --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --datadir=/data/dbdata/3306/data /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_14-49-26chown mysql.mysql data -R/etc/init.d/mysql_3306 start启动成功现在我们回到上面的问题加入我们现在备份成功，遇到一个问题就是一个人把你的data目录给删除了但是你通过 ps -ef | grep mysql 发现还是有进程你现在要做的就是通过备份恢复数据mkdir datainnobackupex --copy-back --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --datadir=/data/dbdata/3306/data /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_14-49-26chown mysql.mysql data -R[root@bao-work-2 3306]# /etc/init.d/mysql_3306 restartMySQL server PID file could not be found! [失败]Starting MySQL...The server quit without updating PID file [失败]/dbdata/3306/data/bao-work-2.pid).我们发现重启的时候报错了这个时候就需要我们手动的去kill 掉MySQL的进程了for i in $(ps -ef | grep mysql | grep -v 'grep' | awk '{print $2}');do kill -9 $i;done然后我们去启动数据库/etc/init.d/mysql_3306 start这样我们就看到MySQL数据回来了 但是还有一点要注意的是，我们要去恢复主从同步。 我们要看一下从库上面的备份文件下的xtrabackup_slave_info的文件内容 [root@bao-work-2 2017-02-16_14-49-26]# cat xtrabackup_info uuid = 1bbe50b3-f414-11e6-b6ed-000c29831a2e name = tool_name = innobackupex tool_command = --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --user=root --password=... --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --slave-info --safe-slave-backup /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/ tool_version = 2.3.3 ibbackup_version = 2.3.3 server_version = 5.6.23-log start_time = 2017-02-16 14:49:26 end_time = 2017-02-16 14:49:48 lock_time = 0 binlog_pos = filename 'mysql-bin.000006', position '120' innodb_from_lsn = 0 innodb_to_lsn = 10005906 partial = N incremental = N format = file compact = N compressed = N encrypted = N 然后我们进入MySQL执行下面的操作 change master to master_host='10.230.200.19', master_port=3306, master_user='repl', master_password='kongzhong789', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000006', master_log_pos=120; start slave; show slave status\G;
接下来我们要看的就是从库MySQL的增量备份和恢复
指定MySQL备份方案
每天一次的完整备份+两次增量备份在每次备份的时候都会产生日志，反正也不大可以保存下来1.完整备份innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --no-lock --slave-info --safe-slave-backup --compress --compress-threads=8 /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/ > /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full.log 2>&1
2.第一次增量备份
innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --no-lock --slave-info --safe-slave-backup --compress --compress-threads=8 --incremental /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre --incremental-basedir=/data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42 >/data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre1.log 2>&1
3.第二次增量备份
innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --no-lock --slave-info --safe-slave-backup --compress --compress-threads=8 --incremental /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre --incremental-basedir=/data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre/2017-02-16_16-17-32 >/data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre2.log 2>&1
恢复取回完整备份
innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --decompress --parallel=4 /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42
报错：
在执行上面shell的时候遇到一个错误sh: qpress: command not found解决办法cd /data/tools wget http://www.quicklz.com/qpress-11-linux-x64.tar tar xvf qpress-11-linux-x64.tar cp qpress /usr/bin然后再执行上面的操作
取回完整备份
innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --decompress --parallel=4 /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42
170216 16:39:11 innobackupex: Starting the decrypt and decompress operationIMPORTANT: Please check that the decrypt and decompress run completes successfully. At the end of a successful decrypt and decompress run innobackupex prints "completed OK!".innobackupex version 2.3.3 based on MySQL server 5.6.24 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 525ca7d)170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./xtrabackup_slave_info.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./backup-my.cnf.qp170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./ibdata1.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_admin_role_priv.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_pre_auth_trade.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/uc_t_role_fun.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/uc_t_role.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_history_yield.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/act_t_activity.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/servers.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_console_menu.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_withdraw_deposit_order.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_xmas_count.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/crm_person_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_admin_role.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/help_relation.MYI.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/slave_worker_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/servers.MYD.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/help_relation.MYD.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_licai_project_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_third_interface_log.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/uc_t_role.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/cd_t_withdraw.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_city.MYD.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_withdraw_deposit_order.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/db.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_area.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/uc_t_department.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_city.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_oauth_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_province.MYD.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/help_topic.MYI.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_my_hongbao_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_question.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_account_detail.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_awards_xmas.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_templet_field.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/tables_priv.MYD.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_admin.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_licai_project_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_grant_record.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/plugin.MYI.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/uc_t_role_authority.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_company_user.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/user.MYI.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/con_t_credit_pro.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/time_zone_name.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/uc_t_staff.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/act_t_lottery_coupon.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/crm_t_banks.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/time_zone_leap_second.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/uc_t_staff.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/procs_priv.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_borrower_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/cd_t_credit_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/servers.MYI.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_operation_log.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/act_t_awards_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/tables_priv.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_project_tag.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/crm_t_car_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_district.MYI.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/innodb_index_stats.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYI.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_game.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_pre_auth_trade.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/tpp_t_repayment.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_text_content.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/event.MYD.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/slave_worker_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_active.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/uc_t_staff_role.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/t_district.MYD.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/slave_relay_log_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_question.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/crm_agent_company_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/help_topic.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_my_hongbao_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/uc_t_role_fun.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_admin_role_priv.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/columns_priv.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/cd_t_credit_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/help_relation.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/help_category.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_hongbao_batch_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/general_log.CSM.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/uc_t_function.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_licai_order_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_ad_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/help_category.MYI.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_template.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_console_menu.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_sms_log.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/t_district.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/ft_t_credit_detail_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/user.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_reimburse_order.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/ft_t_tender_plan.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYD.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_news_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_dict.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/sys_t_log.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/tpp_t_transfer.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_licai_project_detail_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_award_num.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/t_user_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/proxies_priv.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/con_t_fortune_pro.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/procs_priv.MYI.qp170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/con_t_fortune_pro.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_project_category.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/time_zone_transition.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/proc.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/t_touzi_summary.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/slow_log.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_new_project_limit.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/slow_log.CSM.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_user_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/t_question_answer.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_hongbao_type.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/innodb_table_stats.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_active.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/t_total_user.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/time_zone.MYI.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_awards_xmas.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/crm_agent_person_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/ndb_binlog_index.MYD.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_operation_log.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/crm_t_attachment.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/crm_person_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/uc_t_staff_role.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [04] decompressing ./mysql/t_history_yield.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/crm_agent_company_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/t_touzi_summary.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [03] decompressing ./mysql/t_xmas_count.ibd.qp170216 16:39:11 [02] decompressing ./mysql/t_sms_log.frm.qp170216 16:39:11 [01] decompressing ./mysql/time_zone_name.MYD.qp170216 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./huamu_licai/cd_t_credit_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_operation_log.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/act_t_awards_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_project_tag.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_t_car_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_district.MYI.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_game.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_pre_auth_trade.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/tpp_t_repayment.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_text_content.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_active.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/uc_t_staff_role.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_district.MYD.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_question.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_agent_company_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/db.opt.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_my_hongbao_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/uc_t_role_fun.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_admin_role_priv.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/cd_t_credit_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_hongbao_batch_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/uc_t_function.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_licai_order_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_ad_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_template.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_console_menu.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_sms_log.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_district.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/ft_t_credit_detail_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_reimburse_order.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/ft_t_tender_plan.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_news_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_dict.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/sys_t_log.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/tpp_t_transfer.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_licai_project_detail_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_award_num.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_user_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/con_t_fortune_pro.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/con_t_fortune_pro.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_project_category.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_touzi_summary.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_new_project_limit.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_user_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_question_answer.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_hongbao_type.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_active.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_total_user.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_awards_xmas.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_agent_person_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_operation_log.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_t_attachment.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_person_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/uc_t_staff_role.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_history_yield.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_agent_company_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_touzi_summary.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_xmas_count.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_sms_log.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_question_answer.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_xmas_record.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_menu.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_project_status_event.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_login_award.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/uc_t_role_authority.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_borrower_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_oauth_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_news_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_award.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_area.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_account_detail.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_licai_order_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/uc_t_login_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_new_project_limit.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_game.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_licai_project_detail_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_project_tag.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_award_num.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_text_content.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_console_dictionary.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_menu.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_province.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/ft_t_credit_detail_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_admin.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/sys_t_login_logger.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_t_attachment.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_user_message_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/sys_t_login_logger.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/ft_t_tender_plan_credit.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_xmas_record.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/cd_t_withdraw.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/tpp_t_transfer.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_project_category.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_grant_record.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_xmas_user.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/act_t_lottery_coupon.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_province.MYI.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_t_company_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_t_company_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_award.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_admin_role.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_city.MYI.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/ft_t_tender_plan.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_hongbao_batch_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/ft_t_tender_plan_credit.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/uc_t_login_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_t_third_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_console_dictionary.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/sys_t_log.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/cd_t_payment.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/uc_t_function.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_template.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_reimburse_order.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_t_third_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/cd_t_payment.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_agent_person_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/cd_t_audit_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/act_t_lottery_count.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/tpp_t_repayment.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_company_application.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_project_status_event.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/act_t_awards_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_third_interface_log.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_templet_field.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_dict.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_company_repayment_order.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/act_t_lottery_count.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/cd_t_audit_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_login_award.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_company_application.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_service.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_company_user.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_newbie_guide.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_company_repayment_order.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_ad_info.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_newbie_guide.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_t_banks.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_hongbao_type.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/crm_t_car_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_user_message_info.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_total_user.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/uc_t_department.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_xmas_user.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/cd_t_deposite.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./huamu_licai/cd_t_deposite.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./huamu_licai/act_t_activity.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./huamu_licai/t_service.ibd.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./huamu_licai/con_t_credit_pro.frm.qp170216 16:39:12 [01] decompressing ./xtrabackup_info.qp170216 16:39:12 [03] decompressing ./xtrabackup_logfile.qp170216 16:39:12 [04] decompressing ./test/db.opt.qp170216 16:39:12 [02] decompressing ./xtrabackup_binlog_info.qp170216 16:39:12 completed OK!
find /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42 -name "*.qp" -delete
备份完成后，应用日志，是备份的数据保持一致
innobackupex --apply-log --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --redo-only /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42
下面为输出内容：
170216 16:44:05 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operationIMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully. At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex prints "completed OK!".innobackupex version 2.3.3 based on MySQL server 5.6.24 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 525ca7d)xtrabackup: cd to /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42xtrabackup: This target seems to be not prepared yet.xtrabackup: xtrabackup_logfile detected: size=2097152, start_lsn=(10007614)xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = ./xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextendxtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 1xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 2097152xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = ./xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextendxtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 1xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 2097152xtrabackup: Starting InnoDB instance for recovery.xtrabackup: Using 104857600 bytes for buffer pool (set by --use-memory parameter)InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pagesInnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabledInnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtinsInnoDB: Memory barrier is not usedInnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructionsInnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 100.0MInnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer poolInnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.InnoDB: The log sequence numbers 10007584 and 10007584 in ibdata files do not match the log sequence number 10007614 in the ib_logfiles!InnoDB: Database was not shutdown normally!InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.InnoDB: Reading tablespace information from the .ibd files...InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pagesInnoDB: from the doublewrite buffer...xtrabackup: Last MySQL binlog file position 5321597, file name mysql-bin.000005xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1InnoDB: Starting shutdown...InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 10007614170216 16:44:06 completed OK!
合并第一个增量备份（必须加参数--redo-only）
innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --decompress --parallel=4 /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre/2017-02-16_16-17-32find /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre/2017-02-16_16-17-32 -name "*.qp" -deleteinnobackupex --apply-log --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --redo-only /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42 --incremental-dir=/data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre/2017-02-16_16-17-32
合并第二个增量备份（必须加参数--redo-only）
innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --decompress --parallel=4 /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre/2017-02-16_16-25-24/find /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre/2017-02-16_16-25-24/ -name "*.qp" -deleteinnobackupex --apply-log --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --redo-only /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42 --incremental-dir=/data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre/2017-02-16_16-25-24/
准备完整的备份#find /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42 -name "*.qp" -deleteinnobackupex --apply-log --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42/etc/init.d/mysql_3306 stop模拟数据丢失cd /data/dbdat/3306mv data data_bakmkdir datainnobackupex --copy-back --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --datadir=/data/dbdata/3306/data /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42chown mysql.mysql data -R/etc/init.d/mysql_3306 start
后面的步骤就和之前一样了，记得要恢复主从这里是从哪个日志节点开始恢复呢我们看一下最后的完整备份下的[root@bao-work-2 2017-02-16_16-09-42]#cat xtrabackup_slave_info CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000007', MASTER_LOG_POS=17767858change master tomaster_host='10.230.200.19',master_port=3306,master_user='repl',master_password='kongzhong789',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000007',master_log_pos=17767858;start slave;show slave status\G;经过上面的测试数据全部恢复，主从同步
我现在回放一下我的实验流程
1、mysql slave 全备2、master update3、slave 第一次增量备份4、master update5、slave 第二次增量备份6、stop slave7、mv data data_bak ,mkdir data8、update master然后就是恢复数据了1、取回完整备份innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --decompress --parallel=4 /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-422017-02-16_16-09-42：是全备份的目录find /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42 -name "*.qp" -delete2、合并第一个增量备份，必须加参数--redo-onlyinnobackupex --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --decompress --parallel=4 /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre/2017-02-16_16-17-32find /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre/2017-02-16_16-17-32 -name "*.qp" -deleteinnobackupex --apply-log --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --redo-only /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42 --incremental-dir=/data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre/2017-02-16_16-17-322017-02-16_16-09-42：是全备份的目录2017-02-16_16-17-32：第一次增量备份的目录3、合并第二个增量备份（必须加参数--redo-only）innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --decompress --parallel=4 /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre/2017-02-16_16-25-24/find /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre/2017-02-16_16-25-24/ -name "*.qp" -deleteinnobackupex --apply-log --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --redo-only /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42 --incremental-dir=/data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/incre/2017-02-16_16-25-24/2017-02-16_16-25-24：第二次增量备份的目录4、现在准备完整的备份innobackupex --apply-log --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --user=root --password=kongzhong123 --port=3306 --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42mv data data_bakmkdir datainnobackupex --copy-back --defaults-file=/data/dbdata/3306/my.cnf --socket=/data/dbdata/3306/mysql.sock --datadir=/data/dbdata/3306/data /data/bak_dir/mysql/3306/full/2017-02-16_16-09-42chown mysql.mysql data -R/etc/init.d/mysql_3306 start这个时候恢复的数据是不完整的，只是把数据恢复到了slave第二次增量备份之前所以我们现在要重新恢复主从cd 到完整备份的目录下# cat xtrabackup_slave_info CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000007', MASTER_LOG_POS=17767858然后执行change master to
3、小结
a、Xtrabackup恢复的目的要是保证事务(数据)的一致性，Xtrabackup log会记录这些事务备份期间的状态b、恢复过程分为2个阶段，一个是Prepare阶段，一个是copy back阶段，恢复前关闭原有实例c、Prepare阶段会根据从innodb logfile捕获出来的信息(记录在xtrabackup log)来进行相应的前滚或回滚d、Prepare阶段会在成功前滚或回滚后创建新的innodb logfile(空)e、copy back阶段则是将成功恢复的全部文件复制回原来或指定的数据目录(目录应为空目录)f、copy back前需要关闭原有实例，如果恢复到不同的实例则不需要g、copy back完成后应做相应的权限修改h、启动恢复后的实例并进行相关验证